Hugh Hefner turned silk pajamas into a work uniform, women into centerfolds and sexual desire into a worldwide multimedia empire that spanned several generations of American life.With Playboy, he helped slip sex out of the confines of plain brown wrappers and into mainstream conversation.In 1953, a time when states could legally ban contraceptives and the word 맥스카지노�pregnant맥스카지노� was not allowed on 맥스카지노�I Love Lucy,맥스카지노� Hefner published the first issue of Playboy, featuring naked photos of Marilyn Monroe and an editorial promise of 맥스카지노�humor, sophistication and spice.맥스카지노�The Great Depression and World War II were over and Playboy soon became forbidden fruit for teens and a bible for men with time and money, primed for the magazine맥스카지노�s prescribed evenings of dimmed lights, hard drinks, soft jazz, deep thoughts and deeper desires. Within a year, circulation neared 200,000. Within five years, it had topped 1 million.Hefner, the pipe-smoking embodiment of the lifestyle he touted, died at his home of natural causes on Wednesday night, Playboy said in a statement. He was 91.Hefner and Playboy were brand names worldwide. Asked by The New York Times in 1992 of what he was proudest, Hefner responded: 맥스카지노�That I changed attitudes toward sex. That nice people can live together now. That I decontaminated the notion of premarital sex. That gives me great satisfaction.맥스카지노�By the 1970s, Playboy magazine had more than 7 million readers and had inspired such raunchier imitations as Penthouse and Hustler. Competition and the internet reduced circulation to less than 3 million by the 21st century, and the number of issues published annually was cut from 12 to 11. In 2015, Playboy ceased publishing images of naked women, citing the proliferation of nudity on the internet but restored its traditional nudity earlier this year.Hefner became the flamboyant symbol of the lifestyle he espoused. For decades he was the pipe-smoking, silk-pajama-wearing center of a constant party with celebrities and Playboy models. By his own account, Hefner had sex with more than a thousand women, including many of pictured in his magazine. One of rock n맥스카지노� roll맥스카지노�s most decadent tours, the Rolling Stones shows of 1972, featured a stop at the Hefner mansion.Throughout the 1960s, Hefner left Chicago only a few times. In the early 1970s, he bought the second mansion in Los Angeles, flying between his homes on a private DC-9 dubbed 맥스카지노�The Big Bunny,맥스카지노� which boasted a giant Playboy bunny emblazoned on the tail.Hefner was host of a television show, 맥스카지노�Playboy After Dark,맥스카지노� and in 1960 opened a string of clubs around the world where waitresses wore revealing costumes with bunny ears and fluffy white bunny tails. In the 21st century, he was back on television in a cable reality show — 맥스카지노�The Girls Next Door맥스카지노� — with three live-in girlfriends in the Los Angeles Playboy mansion. Network television briefly embraced Hefner맥스카지노�s empire in 2011 with the NBC drama 맥스카지노�The Playboy Club,맥스카지노� which failed to lure viewers and was canceled after three episodes.Censorship of the magazine was inevitable. Playboy has been banned in China, India, Saudi Arabia and Ireland. In the 1950s, Hefner successfully sued to prevent the U.S. Postal Service from denying him second-class mailing status. 7-Eleven stores for years did not sell the magazine. Stores that did offer Playboy made sure to stock it on a higher shelf.He was a widely admired but far from universally beloved figure. Many feminist and religious leaders regarded him as nothing but a glorified pornographer who degraded and objectified women with impunity.Women were warned from the first issue: 맥스카지노�If you맥스카지노�re somebody맥스카지노�s sister, wife, or mother-in-law,맥스카지노� the magazine declared, 맥스카지노�and picked us up by mistake, please pass us along to the man in your life and get back to Ladies Home Companion.맥스카지노�Playboy proved a scourge, and a temptation. Drew Barrymore, Farrah Fawcett and Linda Evans are among those who have posed for the magazine. Several bunnies became celebrities, too, including singer Deborah Harry and model Lauren Hutton, both of whom had fond memories of their time with Playboy. Other bunnies had traumatic experiences, with several alleging they had been raped by Hefner맥스카지노�s close friend Bill Cosby, who faced dozens of such allegations in recent years. Hefner issued a statement in late 2014 he 맥스카지노�would never tolerate this behavior.맥스카지노� But two years later, former bunny Chloe Goins sued Cosby and Hefner for sexual battery, gender violence and other charges over an alleged 2008 rape.One bunny turned out to be a journalist: Feminist Gloria Steinem got hired in the early 1960s and turned her brief employment into an article for Show magazine that described the clubs as pleasure havens for men only. The bunnies, Steinem wrote, tended to be poorly educated, overworked and underpaid. Steinem regarded the magazine and clubs not as erotic, but 맥스카지노�pornographic.맥스카지노�맥스카지노�I think Hefner himself wants to go down in history as a person of sophistication and glamour. But the last person I would want to go down in history as is Hugh Hefner,맥스카지노� Steinem later said.맥스카지노�Women are the major beneficiaries of getting rid of the hypocritical old notions about sex,맥스카지노� Hefner responded. 맥스카지노�Now some people are acting as if the sexual revolution was a male plot to get laid. One of the unintended by-products of the women맥스카지노�s movement is the association of the erotic impulse with wanting to hurt somebody.맥스카지노�Hefner added that he was a strong advocate of First Amendment, civil and reproductive rights and that the magazine contained far more than centerfolds. Playboy serialized Ray Bradbury맥스카지노�s 맥스카지노�Fahrenheit 451맥스카지노� and later published fiction by John Updike, Doris Lessing and Vladimir Nabokov. Playboy also specialized in long and candid interviews, from Fidel Castro and Frank Sinatra to Marlon Brando and then-presidential candidate Jimmy Carter, who confided that he had 맥스카지노�committed adultery맥스카지노� in his heart. John Lennon spoke to Playboy in 1980, not long before he was murdered.The line that people read Playboy for the prose, not the pictures, was only partly a joke.Playboy맥스카지노�s clubs also influenced the culture, giving early breaks to such entertainers as George Carlin, Rich Little, Mark Russell, Dick Gregory and Redd Foxx. The last of the clubs closed in 1988, when Hefner deemed them 맥스카지노�passe맥스카지노� and 맥스카지노�too tame for the times.맥스카지노�By then Hefner had built a $200 million company by expanding Playboy to include international editions of the magazine, casinos, a cable network and a film production company. In 2006, he got back into the club business with his Playboy Club at the Palms Casino in Las Vegas. A new enterprise in London followed, along with fresh response from women맥스카지노�s groups, who protested the opening with cries of 맥스카지노�Eff off Hef!맥스카지노�맥스카지노�Hefner liked to say he was untroubled by criticism, but in 1985 he suffered a mild stroke that he blamed on the book 맥스카지노�The Killing of the Unicorn: Dorothy Stratten 1960-1980,맥스카지노� by filmmaker Peter Bogdanovich. Stratten was a Playmate killed by her husband, Paul Snider, who then killed himself. Bogdanovich, Stratten맥스카지노�s boyfriend at the time, wrote that Hefner helped bring about her murder and was unable to deal with 맥스카지노�what he and his magazine do to women.맥스카지노�After the stroke, Hefner handed control of his empire to his feminist daughter, Christie, although he owned 70 percent of Playboy stock and continued to choose every month맥스카지노�s Playmate and cover shot. Christie Hefner continued as CEO until 2009.He also stopped using recreational drugs and tried less to always be the life of the party. He tearfully noted in a 1992 New York Times interview: 맥스카지노�I맥스카지노�ve spent so much of my life looking for love in all the wrong places.맥스카지노�Not surprisingly, Hefner맥스카지노�s marriage life was also a bit of a show. In 1949, he married Mildred Williams, with whom he had two children. They divorced in 1958. In July 1989, Hefner married Kimberley Conrad, the 1989 Playmate of the Year, who was then 27. The couple also had two children.On the eve of his marriage, Hefner was asked if he would have a bachelor party. 맥스카지노�I맥스카지노�ve had a bachelor party for 30 years,맥스카지노� he said. 맥스카지노�Why do I need one now?맥스카지노�They separated in 1998 but she continued living next door to the Playboy mansion with their two sons. The couple divorced in 2010 and he proposed in 2011 to 24-year-old Crystal Harris, a former Playmate. Harris called off the wedding days before the ceremony, but later changed her mind and they married at the end of 2012.맥스카지노�Maybe I should be single,맥스카지노� he said a few months later. 맥스카지노�But I do know that I need an ongoing romantic relationship. In other words, I am essentially a very romantic person, and all I really was looking for, quite frankly, with the notion of marriage was continuity and something to let the girl know that I really cared.맥스카지노�Hefner is survived by Crystal as well as his daughter, Christie; and his sons, David, Marston and Cooper. Playboy announced no immediate funeral plans, but Hefner owned a plot in a Los Angeles cemetery next to Marilyn Monroe.He was born in Chicago on April 9, 1926, to devout Methodist parents who he said never showed 맥스카지노�love in a physical or emotional way.맥스카지노�맥스카지노�At a very early age, I began questioning a lot of that religious foolishness about man맥스카지노�s spirit and body being in conflict, with God primarily with the spirit of man and the devil dwelling in the flesh,맥스카지노� Hefner said in a Playboy interview in 1974.맥스카지노�Part of the reason that I am who I am is my Puritan roots run deep,맥스카지노� he told the AP in 2011. 맥스카지노�My folks are Puritan. My folks are prohibitionists. There was no drinking in my home. No discussion of sex. And I think I saw the hurtful and hypocritical side of that from very early on. 맥스카지노�Hefner loved movies throughout his life, calling them 맥스카지노�my other family.맥스카지노� He screened classic films and new releases at the mansion every week. Every year on his April 9 birthday, he맥스카지노�d run his favorite film, 맥스카지노�Casablanca,맥스카지노� and invite guests to dress in the fashions of the 1940s.He long hoped to be the subject of a biopic and was helping to develop a screenplay for such a film in 2011.He was a playboy before Playboy, even during his first marriage, when he enjoyed stag films, strip poker and group sex. His bunny obsession began with the figures that decorated a childhood blanket. Years later, a real-life subspecies of rabbit on the endangered species list, in the Florida Keys, would be named for him: Sylvilagus palustris hefneri.When Hefner was 9, he began publishing a neighborhood newspaper, which he sold for a penny a copy. He spent much of his time writing and drawing cartoons, and in middle school began reading Esquire, a magazine of sex and substance Hefner wanted Playboy to emulate.He and Playboy co-founder Eldon Sellers launched their magazine from Hefner맥스카지노�s kitchen in Chicago, although the first issue was undated because Hefner doubted there would be a second. The magazine was supposed to be called Stag Party, until an outdoor magazine named Stag threatened legal action.Hefner recalled that he first reinvented himself in high school in Chicago at 16, when he was rejected by a girl he had a crush on. He began referring to himself as Hef instead of Hugh, learned the jitterbug and began drawing a comic book, 맥스카지노�a kind of autobiography that put myself center stage in a life I created for myself,맥스카지노� he said in a 2006 interview with the AP.Those comics evolved into a detailed scrapbook that Hefner would keep throughout his life. It spanned more than 2,500 volumes in 2011 — a Guinness World Record for a personal scrapbook collection.맥스카지노�It was probably just a way of creating a world of my own to share with my friends,맥스카지노� Hefner said, seated amid the archives of his life during a 2011 interview. 맥스카지노�And in retrospect, in thinking about it, it맥스카지노�s not a whole lot different than creating the magazine.맥스카지노�He did it again in 1960, when he began hosting the TV show, bought a fancy car, started smoking a pipe and bought the first Playboy mansion.맥스카지노�Well, if we hadn맥스카지노�t had the Wright brothers, there would still be airplanes,맥스카지노� Hefner said in 1974. 맥스카지노�If there hadn맥스카지노�t been an Edison, there would still be electric lights. And if there hadn맥스카지노�t been a Hefner, we맥스카지노�d still have sex. But maybe we wouldn맥스카지노�t be enjoying it as much. So the world would be a little poorer. Come to think of it, so would some of my relatives.맥스카지노�