¡º??¡»? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? (The aspect of intellectual circles in Joseon at the end of Japanese imperialism reflected in ¡°Hakhaeé¢)

¡º??¡» ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????¡º??¡»? ?????. ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤??¡¤?? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????, ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????.
¡º??¡»? ???? ?????, ?? 2?? ?? 1940? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??? 1940???¡º??¡»?? ? ??? ???. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???, ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???. ??? ¡º??¡»? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???. ??? ¡º??¡»? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ? ??.

A violent gale of fascism blew and Japanese militarism got on the main track before and after the publication of ¡°Hakhaeé¢. Hong, Byeong-cheol, the publisher of ¡°Hakhaeé¢ published ¡°Hakhaeé¢ in order to provide for the future of national independence by awakening the Korean people¡¯s consciousness under the condition that it was not possible to develop the campaign for liberation of the oppressed people and a social movement.
¡°Hakhaeé¢ contained various arguments of intellectual circles at that time including politics, economy, philosophy, religion, art and literature, history,education, science, the press and others. The best intellectuals of the day,participants in the campaign for liberation of the oppressed people, experts by the field took part in ¡°Hakhaeé¢ as a writer. Although there was a time difference between the articles contained in ¡°Hakhaeé¢, they analyzed the Japanese policy of domination and the framework of society in colonized Joseon, stimulated the Korean public to be awakened and be stirred up, and urged the press to be awakened and acknowledge their compromise with Japanese imperialism.
The copies of ¡°Hakhaeé¢ were sold while getting the greatest praises. In 1940 in 2 years after its first publication, it accomplished a splendid achievement to publish its 2nd printing, however, there was a considerablechange in the 1940 edition of ¡°Hakhaeé¢. The writings of pro-Japanese writers instead of the writings of representative participants in the campaign for liberation of the oppressed people were included in ¡°Hakhaeé¢ and the writings which criticized the Japanese policy of domination and stimulated the Korean people to be awakened and stirred up were replaced by the writings which agitated the Korean people to serve the Great East Co-prosperity as the legitimate sons of the Japanese Emperor. The logic compromising with reality and assimilating with Japanese imperialism soaked through ¡°Hakhaeé¢. In that sense, Hong, Byeong-cheol, the publisher stood at the road to a pro-Japanese collaborator. Thus ¡°Hakhaeé¢ which was published in the dark days during the late period of Japanese imperialism was loved by the public, however, it cherished the contents which were being refracted by the suppression of Japanese imperialism. Therefore ¡°Hakhaeé¢ was a touchstone which showed the academic level reached by the Korean intellectual circles, a critical mind reflecting Japanese colonial era, and reflected the publishing world of Korea and the Korean intellectual circles that were being converted to pro-Japanese collaborators under the suppression of Japanese imperialism.