??? ¡®???¡¯ ??? ????:?????? ¡®??¡¯? ??? ???????????? ?? (China¡¯s Political System in Xi Jinping ¡®New Era¡¯: The ¡®Evolution¡¯ of the Party-State System and the Emergence of a new paradigm authoritarian system)

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This article defines the so-called ¡°Chinese model of the political system,¡± which has been promoted under the name of establishing a modern governance system since the emergence of the Xi Jinping regime, as a reinforced authoritarian system based on the communist rule. In particular, this paper analyzes the inherent conflicting relations within the main principles of ¡°Chinese¡± democracy -- the organic combination of the three elements of communist leadership, people¡¯s sovereignty, and the rule of law. This paper also focuses on two specific characteristics of ¡°Chinese¡± democracy: the implicit conflict between the Communist Party leadership and the principles of people¡¯s sovereignty and the internal conflict between the Communist Party leadership and the rule of law.
A strong authoritarian system in China is a self-superiority of the traditional authority system based on the principle of unified governance of the Communist Party. It can be seen as an authoritarian system based on the principle of ¡°communist party-Minbenzhuyi(Ãñ±¾Ö÷Òå)¡± rather than democracy and constitutionalism, different from ¡®emperor- Minbenzhuyi(Ãñ±¾Ö÷Òå)¡¯ in that it is ruled based on the official organization of the Communist Party, not the emperor. While emphasizing rule based on the rule of law, the Communist Party leads legislation, guarantees law enforcement, supports the judiciary, and takes the lead in defending the law, similar to the ancient kings¡¯ rule. It also emphasizes political participation through the ¡°negotiation¡± method, but this method is not crucially different from the communication method of ¡°gwan(¹Ù)¡± and ¡°min(Ãñ)¡± in the classic era. However, this is also different from the traditional totalitarian system. A market economic system has been established, and, although at a limited level, a civil society composed of pluralistic interests based on private ownership is growing.
From this point, we can see that the Xi Jinping administration intends to pursue a new evolution of the strong authoritarian system and to continue this as a model of the so-called Chinese-specific political system. This system, this paper argues, is the emergence of another new paradigm authoritarian system because this is fundamentally different from the academic world¡¯s understanding of the authoritarian system that has been regarded as a transitional political system on the premise of a democratic transformation.