�C�ڴ�(1674-1720) ���ĕ���W? ?? (Reorganization of Astronomy and Calendrical Science in King Suk-jong��s Era (1674-1720))

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The development of Astronomy and Calendrical Science during the late Joseon Dynasty was a series of struggles to achieve the principle and the method of calculation of shi-xian-li. Shi-xian-li was not fully understood in Joseon until the late 17th century, and therefore there was a gap in lifa between Qing and Joseon. To tackle this problem, King Suk-jong sent an officer of Gwansanggam(Office for Observance of Natural Phenomena) to Qing and had him learn lifa and purchase related books. The effort to achieve a right method of calculation of shi-xian-li was continued throughout the regime of King Suk-jong.
With the further understanding of shi-xian-li, interests in the western astronomical instruments was also increased. King Suk-jong encouraged the creation of various astronomical instruments and tried to renovate Joseon��s outdated instruments by adopting the far advanced western instruments through China. Joseon aquired yi-xiang-zhi from Qing and published it at Gwansanggam; imported various astronomical instruments; and initiated the production of western-style instruments. The schemes to improve the condition of Gwansanggam were also launched: The Gwansanggam building was reformed, its financial status was improved, and the efforts to nurture the experts were begun.
For the survival of Joseon amidst the new world order created around Qing dynasty, it was essential to understand the system of shi-xian-li. Reorganization of Astronomy and Calendrical Science under King Suk-jong began from this practical need. There also was an ideological necessity involved in these efforts. Astronomy and Calendrical Science was considered as an indispensible project of the dynasty in Confucius thinking. King Suk-jong, like other kings in the late Joseon dynasty, advocated a political idea of ��jingtianaimin(�������, Respect the Heaven and Love the People)�� and tried to strengthen the legitimacy and rule of the dynasty by reorganizing Astronomy and Calendrical Science.