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Merleau-Ponty's attitude towards modern philosophy has been interpreted through the basis of his critique of intellectualism and empiricism in the Phenomenology of Perception as well as his critique of Descartes and the Cartesian cogito. Following this trend, Merleau-Ponty's position on modern philosophy had been fixed as negative rather than positive. This had the consequence that Merleau-Ponty's philosophy was understood only in terms of an antithesis of modern philosophy. However, this article emphasizes that this conventional assessment is very one-sided.
To develop this argument, this article focuses on Merleau-Ponty's quotation of Spinoza. Merleau-Ponty cites Spinoza to highlight the limits of intellectualism, and to highlight the fundamental truth inherent in the perceptual situation. This reveals Merleau-Ponty's positive acceptance of modern philosophy by allowing us to see that Merleau-Ponty's view of real truth is no different from Spinoza's. Furthermore, we can see that the philosophical structures of the two are significantly similar by the manner in which Merleau-Ponty cites Spinoza to argue about the content of real truth. Merleau-Ponty's de-dualist philosophical structure can be explained by Spinoza's monist system, and therefore these two philosophies that do not recognize the separation of mind and matter have a similar structure of sensation-perception arguments for their monist claims.
In conclusion, this suggests that Merleau-Ponty's philosophy is not only important because of its break with greater modern philosophy, but also because it actively accepts a strand of modern philosophy.