??? ???? ?? ?? (In Defense of Convergent Realism)

?? ? ???? ??? ???(Convergent Realism)? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ????. ??, ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??, ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??. ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???. ??, ? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ? ??. ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???, ???, ??? ???? ??. ??? ???? ??? ? ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????.

In this paper, I criticize Kuhn¡¯s two arguments against convergent realism. First, since Einsteinian mechanics is closer to Aristotelian mechanics than to Newtonian mechanics, the correspondence theory of truth cannot be applied to a scientific theory, and we can¡¯t say that science moves toward truths. I reply that this argument by Kuhn is invalid and its premise is false. Second, the theoretical terms of an old paradigm and those of a new paradigm refer to different theoretical entities, so we cannot say that the new paradigm is closer to the truth than the old paradigm. I reply that this argument by Kuhn relies on Frege¡¯s descriptive theory of reference, but there are other theories of reference: the causal theory, the intentional theory, and the partial reference theory. The partial reference theory holds that we can say that the theoretical terms of an old paradigm partially refer to the sam theoretical entities as those of a new paradigm.