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This paper is a novel interpretation and defense of Kuhn's challenge to scientific realism. Along with the methodology of case study from the history of science, Kuhn brought theory change to the core of the scientific realism debate. However, Kuhn's real challenge to realism is not the often-cited pessimistic induction or the semantic incommensurability thesis. Rather, his argument is best construed as an argument about the direction of ontological development in the history of science. I also respond to Professor Seungbae Park's various criticisms of Kuhn's argument and to the realist strategy based on the theory of reference.????
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