???? �m��? �ش� ??? �xζ? ?? �D�������m���σԡ�? ?? ??�D (Rent and hyangmi of royal procurement agencies in late Chos?n Korea: A case of Yongdonggung)

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This study investigates the concept of hyangmi and its various examples in late Chos?n Korea. Recent study reveals that members of royal procurement agencies (kungbang) receive hyangmi as a form of wage. The source of hyangmi is a portion of rent from the land owned by kungbang. However, the amount of this portion remains unknown. This study is the first empirical research that explores the actual structure and items of rent in the case of Yongdonggung.
Account books of Yongdonggung show us the amount and portion of each item included in the rent. The items are kansaek (sampling costs), nakj?ng (leaked amounts), hyangmi (wage-like distributions), silgoip (stored amounts), t��aega (transportation costs), and y?kka (service charges). Analysis result shows that a portion of hyangmi can be one-fifth after calculating each amount and portion of all items in the account books of Yongdonggung. By contrast, a precedent study found that the portion was only one-half or one-third. Moreover, I determined that numerous cases possess portions between one-half and one-third and several cases with portions between one-third and one-fifth.
Furthermore, I analyzed the portions of each item in rent in the case of ��lands without ownerships�� of kungbang. Saekrak (kansaek and nakj?ng) was approximately 5%, t��aega was approximately 2%, and y?kka was approximately 10% relative to the entire rent. This study emphasized that the portions can be disorderly because saekrak was consistently included in a rent, whereas t��aega and y?kka were occasionally excluded from a rent. From the perspective of royal procurement agencies, the amounts of silgoip and hyangmi were the most important in the whole revenue, thereby indicating that the amount of rent is unimportant. This result denotes that the portions of t��aega and y?kka were insignificant information.