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This study examines whether land reform contributed to human capital accumulation in Korea by conducting an empirical analysis of the relationship between land reform and middle school enrollment rates using county-level data. The results show that the middle school enrollment rate increased more in regions where the proportion of landholdings increased more during the land reform, suggesting that the land reform may have had a positive impact on human capital accumulation. We also find that the female middle school enrollment rate increased in regions with a larger change in the proportion of landholdings after the land reform, suggesting that the increase and stabilization of farm incomes due to the land reform provided more educational opportunities for women who were previously excluded from schooling.
This study is significant in that it empirically confirms the claim that land reforms contributed to human capital accumulation, which has been made based on circumstantial evidence, using county-level data. It is also significant in that it confirms that land reform contributed to women's human capital accumulation.
The land reform in Korea is undoubtedly a very important event in the Korean economic development process, but its economic significance has not been fully explored at the empirical level due to data constraints. Fortunately, in recent years, there have been several efforts to approach this issue empirically. It is hoped that these efforts will be continued and new data will be discovered to further clarify the economic significance of the land reform.