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ํ•œ๋้ฉ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ (Accepting Social Darwinism and Formation of Self-Strengthening during the Korean Empire Period)

33 ํŽ˜์ด์งฟ’
๊ธฐํƒ€ํŒŒ์ผ
์ตœ์ดˆ๋“ฑ๋ก์ผ 2025.04.27 ์ตœ์ข…์ ฟ’์ž‘์ผ 2020.08
33P ๋ฏธ๋้ฉ๋ณด๊ธฐ
ํ•œ๋้ฉ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๊ณผ ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ
  • ๋ฏธ๋้ฉ๋ณด๊ธฐ

    ์„œ์่ง์ •๋ต–

    ยท ๋ฐœํ–‰๊ธฐ๊ด€ : ๊ฒฝ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ป“ ์ธ๋ๅฉํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ
    ยท ์ˆ˜๋ก์ง€ ์ •๋ณด : ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ธ๋ๅฉํ•™ / 39ํ˜ธ / 131 ~ 163ํŽ˜์ด์งฟ’
    ยท ์ €์ž๋ช… : ์„ฑ์ฃผํ˜„

    ์ดˆ๋ก

    ๋ณธ๊ณ ๋Š” ํ•œ๋้ฉ ์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ทผ๋Œ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ๋ฏธ์นœ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•„์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ ์ŠคํŽœ์„œ ๋“ฑ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ก ํ™”๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ์•ฝ์œก๊ฐ•์‹์˜ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์  ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ์ •๋‹นํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ, ์šฐ์ƒํ•™์— ์˜ํ•œ ์ธ์ข…์ฃผ์˜์  ์ง„ํ™”๋ก , ๊ทน๋‹จ์  ํ˜•ํƒœ์˜ ์ •์น˜ ์ด๋ฐ์˜ฌ๋กœ๊ธฐ์ธ ํŒŒ์‹œ์ฆ˜ ๋“ฑ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒํ•œ๋้ฉ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์šฐ์Šน์—ดํŒจ์™ฟ’ ์ ์ž์ƒ์กด์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ํ•œ๊ตญ๋„ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™ฟ’ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๋ฌธ๋ช…๊ตญ์ด ๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ์„œ์„ธ๋™์ ์˜ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ธ 19์„ธ๊ธฐ ํ›„๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„์‚ผ๊ตญ ์ฆ‰ ํ•œ๊ตญยท์ค‘๊ตญยท์ผ๋ณธ์— ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋Š” ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถˆํ‰๋“ฑ์กฐ์•ฝ, ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์นจ๋žต, ์ •์น˜์  ์••๋ฐ• ๋“ฑ ์„œ์„ธ๋™์ ์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์ด ์ง€ํ–ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”์™ฟ’ ๋งž๋ฌผ๋ ค ๋ถ€๊ตญ๊ฐ•๋ณ‘์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ํ™œ์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ๋‹น์‹œ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทน๋ณตํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ค€์˜ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ„์ •์ž๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ ์ง€์‹์ธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ๊ตญ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ์‹๋ฏผ์ง€๋กœ ์ „๋ฝํ•ด ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ƒํ™ฉ์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์›์ธ์„ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์˜ ์šฐ์Šน์—ดํŒจ, ์ƒ์กด๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์˜ ๋…ผ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ๊ฐœ์ธ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ๊ณผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€์œผ๋กœ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ทน๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ถŒํšŒ๋ณต์˜ ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์ด๋ฅผ ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ํ•œ๋้ฉ ํ•œ๊ตญ์— ์ˆ˜์šฉ๋œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ ๊ต์œก์˜์ง„์ž‘๊ณผ ์‹์‚ฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€์šฉ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์ž๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์„ ์ด๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ช…ํ™•ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ธ์‹ํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ํ•œ๊ตญ์˜ ๋ถ€๊ตญ๊ฐ•๋ณ‘์„ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ํ•œํŽธ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ์ „๋ฉด์— ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํ•œ๋้ฉ ๊ณ„๋ชฝ๋‹จ์ฒด๋“ค์€ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์‹์‚ฐ์˜ ์ค‘์š”์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜์˜€์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ โ€˜์• ๊ตญ์‹ฌโ€™, โ€˜์กฐ์„ ํ˜ผโ€™, โ€˜๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜โ€™๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ต์œก์šด๋™์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋กœ ํ•™๊ป“๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ ๊ทน ์ง€์›ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.
    ์ด์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๊ต์œก์ง„ํฅ๊ณผ ์‹์‚ฐ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์„ ํ† ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์€ โ€˜์‹ค๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณง ํž˜โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์„ ๋‚ด์„ธ์› ๋‹ค. ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์€ ๋‚˜์•„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์ธ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์™ฟ’ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ตญ๊ถŒ๋ก ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœ์ „ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์ด ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ง„ํ™”๋ก ์ด ์„œ๊ตฌ์—์„œ๋Š”์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜์˜ ์ด๋ก ์  ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ์„œ์˜ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜์˜€์ง€๋งŒ, ํ•œ๋้ฉ ํ•œ๊ตญ ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ๋Š” ์„œ๊ตฌ์—ด๊ฐ•๊ณผ ์ œ๊ตญ์ผ๋ณธ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ถŒ์นจํƒˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ €ํ•ญ์˜ ๋Œ€์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์‹๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ , ์ž๊ฐ•๋ก ์„ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ฃผ์˜ ํ˜•์„ฑ์— ์ ์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Œ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

    ์˜์–ด์ดˆ๋ก

    This article analyzes how the acceptance of Social Darwinist ideas from the West impacted emergent Korean nationalism during the Korean Empire Period. Social Darwinism was a set of ideas formulated by Herbert Spencer and others that were utilized in ideological justifications of colonial rule by survival of the fittest, racist evolutionary theories premised upon eugenics, and in Fascism. However, it was perceived in the Korean Empire as being a logic of the survival of the fittest. Hence, it was taken to mean that Korea must modernize to become a civilized state. At different times, each of the three states of East Asia โ€“ China, Japan and Korea โ€“ all were confronted by Western imperial power in the form of unequal treaties, economic invasion, political pressure etc. The process of seeking a response to Western encroachment led each of the three states to accept the logic of Social Darwinism. It become a part of the approach to modernization that all three states pursued, an approach that stressed the need for a rich state and a strong army. Social Darwinism became an important standard by which to understand and overcome present realities in Korean society of the time.
    Intellectuals, including politicians, saw the Koreaโ€™s descend into Japanese colonial domination in Social Darwinian terms, being characterized by the logic of the survival of the fittest. Social Darwinism was also interpreted as providing a standard which put the maintenance of the nation and state above individual rights. And in order to recover national sovereignty, Social Darwinism was also interpreted as providing a standard which put the maintenance of the nation and state above individual rights. And in order to recover national sovereignty, Social Darwinism was actively accepted and utilized. This logic developed into a theory of self-strengthening. In education, this theory stressed the importance of boosting access to education and increasing the countryโ€™s productive capacity. Self-strengthening theorists clearly understood Social Darwinism as the theory that undergirded imperialism, they advocated for a rich state and strong army, and for nationalism. Consequently, enlightenment organizations formed, published periodicals that advocated for education and economic development, but also stressed the importance of patriotism and nationalism.
    They also founded or actively supported schools. Self-strengthening theory thus saw โ€˜abilities as powerโ€™ It became the basis for an emerging nationalism that stressed the state and nation as being the root of sovereignty, rather than the individual. Ultimately, while Social Darwinism acted as the theoretical foundation of imperialism in the West, in Korean society of the Korean Empire period it was seen as an alternative by which to struggle against the loss of sovereignty at the hands of the Western powers and imperial Japan.
    It also exerted a not inconsiderable influence on the formation of nationalist ideas.

    ์ฐธ๊ณ ์ž๋ฃŒ

    ยท ์—†์Œ
  • ์ž์ฃผ๋ฌป๋Š”์งˆ๋ๅฉ์˜ ๋‹ต๋ณ€์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ์ฃผ์„ธ์š”

    ํ•ดํ”ผ์บ ํผ์Šค FAQ ๋”๋ณด๊ธฐ

    ๊ผญ ์•Œ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”

    • ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ์ง„์‹ค์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•˜์—ฌ ํ•ดํ”ผ์บ ํผ์Šค๋Š” ๋ณด์ฆํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ•ด๋‹น ์ •๋ณด ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ๊ณผ ๊ธฐํƒ€ ๋ฒ•์  ์ฑ…์ž„์€ ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋“ฑ๋ก์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      ์ž๋ฃŒ ๋ฐ ๊ฒŒ์‹œ๋ฌผ ๋‚ด์šฉ์˜ ๋ถˆ๋ฒ•์  ์ด์šฉ, ๋ฌด๋‹จ ์ „์žฌโˆ™๋ฐฐํฌ๋Š” ๊ธˆ์ง€๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์นจํ•ด, ๋ช…์˜ˆํ›ผ์† ๋“ฑ ๋ถ„์Ÿ ์š”์†Œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ ์‹œ ๊ณ ๊ฐ๋น„๋ฐ”์นด์ง€๋…ธ Viva์˜ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ์นจํ•ด ์‹ ๊ณ ๋น„๋ฐ”์นด์ง€๋…ธ Viva๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
    • ํ•ดํ”ผ์บ ํผ์Šค๋Š” ๊ตฌ๋งค์ž์™ฟ’ ํŒ๋งค์ž ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๋Š” ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์•„๋ž˜์˜ 4๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž๋ฃŒํ™˜๋ถˆ ์กฐ๊ฑด์„ ๊ผญ ํ™•์ธํ•ด์ฃผ์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
      ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ค๋ฅ˜ ์ค‘๋ณต์ž๋ฃŒ ์ €์ž‘๊ถŒ ์—†์Œ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ๋‚ด์šฉ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜
      ํŒŒ์ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์šด๋กœ๋“œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํŒŒ์ผํ˜•์‹์— ๋งž๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์œผ๋กœ ์ •์ƒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ž๋ฃŒ์™ฟ’ 70% ์ด์ƒ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ (์ค‘๋ณต์ž„์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทผ๊ฑฐ ํ•„์š”ํ•จ) ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ, ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ธฐ๊ด€, ํ•™๊ป“, ์„œ์  ๋“ฑ์˜ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋„์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ์„ค๋ช…๊ณผ ์‹ค์ œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด ์ผ์น˜ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

โ€œ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ธ๋ๅฉํ•™โ€์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ผ๋ๅฉ๋„ ํ™•์ธํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!

๋ฌธ์„œ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” EasyAI
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•ดํ”ผ์บ ํผ์Šค์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๋ฃŒ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‹น์‹ ๋งŒ์˜ ์ดˆ์•ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” EasyAI ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ €๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜์™ฟ’ ๊ฐ™์ด ์ž‘์—…์„ ๋„์™ฟ’๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
- ์ฃผ์ œ๋งŒ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ชฉ์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณธ๋ฌธ๋‚ด์šฉ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ž๋™ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
- ์žฅ๋ฌธ์˜ ์ฝ˜ํ…์ธ ๋ฅผ ์‰ฝ๊ณ  ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
- ์Šคํ† ์–ด์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ ์บ์‹œ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์ •๋ณ„๋กœ 1ํšŒ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฒดํ—˜ํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”!
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์ œ๋“ค์„ ์ž…๋ ฅํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
- ์œ ์•„์—๊ฒŒ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ๋ฌธํ•™์ž‘ํ’ˆ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ค€๊ณผ ํŠน์„ฑ
- ํ•œ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ •์‹ ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ด€์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ฌธํ™”์  ๋ฌธ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ , ํ˜„๋Œ€ํ•œ๊ตญ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๊ณผ ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜์—ฌ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์˜๊ฒฌ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์„ธ์š”
- ์ž‘๋ณ„์ธ์‚ฌ ๋…ํ›„๊ฐ
ํ•ด์บ  AI ์ฑ—๋ด‡๊ณผ ๋Œ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ
์ฑ—๋ด‡์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ„ํŽธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋‹ดํ•ด๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
2025๋…„ 06์›” 09์ผ ์›”์š”์ผ
AI ์ฑ—๋ด‡
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ํ•ดํ”ผ์บ ํผ์Šค AI ์ฑ—๋ด‡์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์—‡์ด ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹ ๊ฐ€์š”?
12:10 ์˜ค์ „