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The imperialism means not only political, economical and military domination on its colonial territory but also the all-round deformation of the social, cultural and natural environment of colonial world and its people. In regard to the destruction of ecosystem accompanied by imperialism, the object of this article is to give a general survey of the relation between postcolonialism and ecocriticism and to analyze how postcolonial ecocriticism is embodied in Latin American literature.
Latin America is, we might say, an emblematic region that has suffered european imperialism, a living text in itself of postcolonial ecocriticism. It was in the middle of twentieth century that Latin American literary works appeared which recognized ecological imperialism. Pablo Neruda and Nicola?s Guille?n are representative poets of ecocritical literature, among others, with the poetic figuration of the system where colonialism and environmental deterioration are intermingled. These two poets share the recognition that all the tragedies of Latin America began with its 'discovery' by Columbus. Since then, Latin American nature fought with the natives against white invaders but found herself defeated and forced into silence. The Subaltern Theory as postcolonialism of second generation looks for the subaltern memories and speaks for them. Neruda and Guille?n include the Latin American and Caribbean nature among the subaltern beings and try to restore their forgotten memories. The Nature as historical documents carving the human struggle in a tacit form wants not only to be described but also to be understood. These two poets wake us the buried history of men and nature by indifference and suppression and set themselves up as their spokesman.