??? ????? ??: ??? ????? ?????????? ???? (Land Reform Movement in Germany: Focusing on Adolf Damaschke and the League of German Land Reformers)

19??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ¡º??? ??¡»? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???(¹«Óл¯)? ????. ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????????? ??? ??. ??? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???? ? ??? ???.
??? ????? 1898?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????.
1898? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???. ?? ??? ???? ????? ???????????? ?? ?????????? 10??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?, ??? ¡®?? ??¡¯????? ?????? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ? ??.

In the late 19th century, Henry George, an American economist, said that the abolition of the land ownership system and the socialization of land through the Land Value Taxation(LVT, Single-tax). Georgism passed directly to Germany and became the theoretical basis for the German land reform movement. German socialists did not pay attention to Georgism, but Fl¨¹rscheim was influenced by Georgism and organized the German Union for Landownership Reform, to initiate a land reform movement, but they didn¡¯t pay off. In 1898, Adolf Damaschke established the Union of German Land Reformers, which succeeded to Fl¨¹rscheim¡¯s German Union for Landownership Reform, and led the land reform movement in Germany.
In 1898, the German Imperial Navy and Schrameier enforced the ¡°Kiaochow Land Statute¡± based on a single-tax on land in Kiaochow, China. With this opportunity, Damashke¡¯s land reform movement grew rapidly in Germany, and the Union of German Land Reformers became a powerful organization with about 100,000 members. Subsequently, as a result of their activities, land value increase tax was imposed in various German cities, the Hereditary Land Rights Law was enacted, and the Weimar Constitution regulates the transfer of development gains to society.
Damashke¡¯s land reform movement followed Georgism, but did not accept it dogmatically, so that it could be accepted by the German public. However, it seems that it was due to the nationalist aspect of emphasizing ¡®German Fatherland¡¯. It can be said that the German land reform movement ideologically influenced Korea¡¯s legal system related to the public concept in land, such as the Restitution of Development Gains Act.