???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??(Ô‡Õ“) (Ensuring the Right to Access Toilets for People with Disability)

???? ???? ??????, ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????. ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ¡®??? ???¡¯? ?? ???? ??? ???. ? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ??? ?????.
???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????. ???, ???, ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??.
?????? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??. ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? ???? ? ????. ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ???. ???????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??. ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????.
??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ? ????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??. ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ???.

Toilets, or restrooms, are universal spaces, but they also reflect the particular culture and ideology of a society¡¯s minorities. Although various types of rights to accessibility for people with disability have been discussed recently, but the specific discussion on ¡®right to access toilets¡¯ is unfamiliar. This study analyzed the legal foundation and current legislation on which the right to access toilets for people with disability rests, and introduced related literature.
While the right to access toilets for people with disability is part of the right to access facilities, there are unique issues related to toilets, and it has various constitutional grounds as well as human dignity, worth and the right. Viewing it as a fundamental constitutional right provides a systematic justification for the demand to ensure the right, thereby creating specialized legal regulation and enhancing the effectiveness of remedies. It is necessary to institutionalize the right in terms of Accessibility, Barrier-free and Universal Design.
Attention needs to be paid to toilets in housing as well as public toilets. Building design codes, both residential and non-residential, are largely silent on toilets. The concept of universal design needs to be expanded from the construction stage of buildings. The ACT ON WELFARE OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES forms the foundation for ensuring the right access to toilets for people with disability, but its implementation is more important. PUBLIC TOILETS ACT relies too heavily on the discretion of national and local governments to manage toilets. The ACT ON THE GUARANTEE OF CONVENIENCE PROMOTION OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES is a key of legislation, but its scope is too narrow. With the recent problems of requirements for constitutional complaint, the importance of remedies under the ACT ON THE PROHIBITION OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES AND REMEDY AGAINST INFRINGEMENT OF THEIR RIGHTS is growing. In the Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities, the remedies available upon ratification of the Optional Protocol draw attention. In addition to laws and regulations, manuals such as the Accessibility Standards are also important.
In short, the current legal system is limited in scope, has no or poor sub-norms, and relies on the discretion of local governments to operate the system. If the reality is ignored due to cost, the right to access toilets for people with disability cannot be guaranteed as a right, so the government should provide bold financial support to encourage the renovation of buildings. Human beings didn¡¯t have access to flush toilets until a few decades ago. The right to access toilets for people with disability can be greatly improved with continued research and practice also.