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This study begins with the question of why most Okinawans chose ��returning to Japan�� instead of ��independence�� or a complete ��administration�� by the U.S. despite the bitter experience of the Battle of Okinawa. This article examines the formation and transformation of the Okinawa national identity through the Okinawa Kokoro, which appeared in the process of returning the islands to Japan.
Okinawa Kokoro is a political and academic term that was used by Masahide Ota, which contains the words ��anti-war and peace��, ��recovery of human rights�� and ��establishment of autonomy��. Okinawa Kokoro, which started from the ��heart to live a human life�� through the Battle of Okinawa, invited the fantasy of ��return to Japan = assurance of human life�� through Japan��s peace treaty that contained the clause to ��give up war��. In other words, the fact that Okinawa��s voluntary return to Japan was possible in Okinawa is reflected in the ��Peace Constitution��, a symbol of postwar democracy in Okinawa Kokoro, which is a desire for ��anti- peace�� and ��respect for humanity.�� However, Okinawa was ��returned�� to Japan, ignoring Okinawa Kokoro. Even though Okinawa had gained the same rights as Japanese citizens on the surface, they were forced to ask again who the Okinawan people were. The presence of U.S. military bases regarded as the ��Okinawa problem�� is still the most significant social challenge in Okinawan society and remains a problem to be solved.