???? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? (A Case of Historical Reconciliation: The Reinstatement of a Dethroned King in the Late Seventeenth-Century Chos��n Korea)

??? ?? ???(1680~90??)? ??? ????? ?????, ? ??? ??? ?????. ?? 230?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ???. ??, ?? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ?, ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ?? ???????.
????? ?????(1637)? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? 17?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ????? ???? ???, 1680??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?? ???? 1674?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???. ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????. ?? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????. ??? ???? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?6? ????? ??? ??? ? ???. ??? ??? ?? ? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ��?-?��?? ??? ???? ???? ????.

On ascending the throne, Sukchong (r. 1674-1720) took a series of measures to reinstate a couple of dethroned kings with emphasis on Yi Hongwi (r. 1452-1455), dethroned and murdered by his uncle Sejo (r.
1455-1468), a usurper. As time went on, more and more Confucian elites participated constantly in petitioning for his reinstatement to achieve justice. The k ings, however, were g enerally l ukewarm because t hey could not officially deny the legitimacy of Sejo. For this reason, the issue of innocent Yi��s reinstatement was a sort of hot potato on the political stage in the central government for no less than 230 years. Unlike other earlier kings, why Sukchong eagerly pushed ahead with the plan for reinstatement? What made him to do so? This paper pays attention to the needs of the times in the 1680-90s. The Korean surrender to the Manchu in 1637 devastated the national identity of the Chos��n dynasty because the Manchus shook the ideological foundations of the dynasty in the form of Neo-Confucianism based on Zhu Xi��s cosmology and his interpretations of the Classics. The Korean kings and the ruling yangban elites had been indoctrinating their people with the principles of loyalty to the monarch and filial piety to parents and had also praised the Ming emperor as the ritual ��father�� who gave Chos?n a second life by saving it from Japanese aggression in the 1590s. After the surrender and under Manchu interference, however, in reality and theory Chos?n was now forced to betray its father and vow to serve the father��s enemy, the barbaric Manchu khan. It was not only a national humiliation but also an ideological crisis and a serious violation of moral principles. The surrender to the Manchu emperor indeed functioned as a symbolic event signifying that the ethical and diplomatic foundations of the Chos?n dynasty were now destroyed. For the rebuilding of the dynasty in the late 1600s, Sukchong first devoted himself to reinforce the flawed Royal line. Indeed, Yi Hongwi was still in the list of treason criminals in spite of his kingship for three years. This paper highlights Sukchong��s such an action in the larger context of the reconciliation of history.