????? ?? ?? ?? (The Relationship between Li and Evil in Zhu Xi's Learning)

?(Àí)? ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????. ? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???. ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ??? ????. ??, ?? ?? ??. ?? ??? ???(????). ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??(????? ?? ??). ??, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??. ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??(???)? ?? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ????. ? ????? ????(?????). ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????(????????). ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???. ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??(?????? ??? ???), ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???.

Li (Àí) raises several problems in interpretation because its meaning is multiple. One of them is about the relationship between Lee and evil. Zhu Xi's talk about evil and li can be divided into two categories. First, there is no evil. Li is totally good. Even if there is a loss of logical coherence, the proposition that li is completely good should be the first priority. Second, it may be said that there is a li of evil. There is a reason why all things and phenomena exist. Also everything is the expression of li. That is, it starts from good. There is also a pure and good nature in all things, as long as there is water in the muddy water. Zhu Xi has two seemingly contradictory positions on the relationship between evil and li because he has both a theoretical desire to explain evil through li and a practical intention to guard against seeing evil as substance. Why did Zhu Xi spend energy on metaphysical explanations of evil without concentrating on the traditional goal of Confucianism: eliminating evil and practicing good? This is because the two directions, which appear to be contradictory in appearances, actually converge into one. To admit li of evil is not to accept the absolute basis of evil. On the contrary, when explaining evil through li, the metaphysical weight of evil becomes light (in reality, it is still heavy), and only then is the possibility of human educational change becomes more firm.