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��??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ??8?(1682)? ??? ��?? ?? ��??? ??? ??����? ??????, 18?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???, ?? ??? ������? ?? ?? ??? ? ??? ????��?? ??? ????. ? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.
??9?(1733)? ??? ??? <?????>? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???. <?????>? ?? ??? ��????��? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????.
??, ��?��??? ??, ��?????��?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ??6?(1680)? ??? ��?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???, ?????? 16��17??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????, ? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ?? ��??��? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.
??11?(1633)? ??? ��? ??? <???>? 17?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????, ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??, <???>? ???(�ʳǾ�)? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???. ?? ��??? ???? ??? ???.��?? <???>? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???.
??4?(1804)? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? 18��19??? ??? ????. ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??. ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????. ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ????.

This paper aimed to review the characteristics of Korean vernacular poetry mentioned in Chuan and Gukan(�ư�������), interrogation and trial records of felons in the late Joseon dynasty. Seventeen relevant records(�١�?) have been found, among which five important cases(��?��?��????) were carefully examined in this paper.
If the existing works were newly interpreted and performed, as shown in �� and ?, it is necessary to pay attention to the changes in the meaning of the works. The record �� of 1682 shows a well-known sijo poem ��In the valley where the crows fight with each other����, the expressions of which are different from those of the poems in sijo anthologies in the 18th and 19th centuries. Especially, its third line ��The feathers of an egret washed and washed in clean nature will be stained with blood�� is peculiar. This work was accused of being sung to rally the revolutions, so it is presumed that the people of later generations changed the third line, which reminds listeners of the rebellion and slaughter, to more periphrastic expressions.
In the record ? of 1733, there appeared gasa poem that is supposed to be Wangsogunwonga. In this case, the performer borrowed the tangible tone of Wangsogun and took a unique way of expressing his complaints about the country. Utilizing Wangsogun��s old story, he criticized politicians who did not intend to protect their people but considered their own welfare. Through such a case, it can be seen that gasa poetry based on history such as Wangsogunwonga had a wide variety of meanings depending on the performer��s intention.
Meanwhile, as shown in ��, �� and ?, Chuan and Gukan contains the mentions related to newly composed Korean vernacular poetry that are not found in any other records. These are the cases that poetry was chosen as a means to expose and disseminate the author��s critical opinion. In the record �� of 1680, a newly discovered sijo poem is included. On the surface, it seems to be a sort of ��nature poetry�� that is common in the 16th and 17th centuries, but it actually has an active meaning that assumes the idealized state or community to the natural space. Although nature is usually accepted as an abstract ideal in sijo poetry, we can find out in this case that nature sometimes has significance as a political space to overthrow and replace the irrational system of the time.
The gasa poem Sangsiga mentioned in the record �� of 1633 was composed in Seoul. While the gasa works of similar period criticized the bureaucrats who failed to properly deal with the Imjin War from a comprehensive standpoint, the author of Sangsiga clarified his intention of composing the work by referring to the individual issue of unjust punishment for Prince Inseong. Also, the way of performing Sangsiga reveals the way of enjoying gasa poetry of the later Joseon era, which had been gradually changed from singing to reciting.
Finally, the record ? of 1804 shows the phenomena of the 18th and 19th centuries when gasa poems to condemn the politics were composed and diffused more frequently. First, it can be traced that the local intellectuals had utilized the style of gasa to express their thoughts to the court. The gasa poem of ? raised the issues of the harsh tax system and peasants�� hard life, disclosed the chaotic politics, and eventually criticized the king��s incompetency and misconduct. The extreme level of critical mind reflected in gasa poetry in the late Joseon dynasty is well shown in this case.