?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? (Two treatments of the time in French)

This study aims to elucidate the process in which the extra-lingusitic events are translated into linguistic expressions.
The grammar, in general, explains a morphological form and its usages of tenses such as Pr¨¦sent, Imparfait and Pass¨¦ Compos¨¦ in French. However between expressions and their usages, there are not clear principles that will guarantee these connections. It is because the grammar does not take the relationship between the physical world and man's cognition into consideration.
I introduce the concept 'aspect' to explain the translation of the extra-lingusitic events into language.
Aspect are related to the event-time, speech-time and man's cognition. Man's cognition represented by 'referential time' forms a connection with the event-time, simultaneous or posterior to the event-time. From that connection comes the Imperfect or Perfect aspect. And Repetitive aspect shoud be added to deal with the disorders that complicate the tenses in grammar.
Verbs have their own temporal characteristics, which can be divided into two classes, Transitional and Non-Transitional. This classification functions as a criteria to judge whether a sentence of Perfect aspect has an implication or not.
In this study I argue that Aspect possesses several functions such as reflecting man's cognition about events, focusing, solving a concord in the direct-indirect discourses and comparative sentences, attribution of some qualities to human beings and arguments.

This study aims to elucidate the process in which the extra-lingusitic events are translated into linguistic expressions.
The grammar, in general, explains a morphological form and its usages of tenses such as Pr¨¦sent, Imparfait and Pass¨¦ Compos¨¦ in French. However between expressions and their usages, there are not clear principles that will guarantee these connections. It is because the grammar does not take the relationship between the physical world and man's cognition into consideration.
I introduce the concept 'aspect' to explain the translation of the extra-lingusitic events into language.
Aspect are related to the event-time, speech-time and man's cognition. Man's cognition represented by 'referential time' forms a connection with the event-time, simultaneous or posterior to the event-time. From that connection comes the Imperfect or Perfect aspect. And Repetitive aspect shoud be added to deal with the disorders that complicate the tenses in grammar.
Verbs have their own temporal characteristics, which can be divided into two classes, Transitional and Non-Transitional. This classification functions as a criteria to judge whether a sentence of Perfect aspect has an implication or not.
In this study I argue that Aspect possesses several functions such as reflecting man's cognition about events, focusing, solving a concord in the direct-indirect discourses and comparative sentences, attribution of some qualities to human beings and arguments.