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Ⅰ. ??
Ⅱ. ??????? ??? ???????
1. ??????? ??? ? ??? ??
2. ???????
Ⅲ. ????????? ?????
1. '? ????'? ?????
2. ???????? ??????
Ⅴ. ??????
Ⅰ. ??
??????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ? ?? 1980?? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??. ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ? ??. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??.
???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ?? ????????? ? ? ??. ???? ??????? ????? ??(Ricardo? 比較生産費理論)? ?????? ??(Heckscher-Ohlin? 要素賦存理論)??. ?? ??? 2??, 2? ??, ??????, ? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????(comparative advantage)? ?? 貿易? 類型(pattern of trade)? ????? ??.
???? ? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? 産業內貿易(intra-industry trade)? ??? ? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? 1980?? ???? 55%? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? 1960?? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??. ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?? ?? '? ????'(new trade theory)? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??, ??? ?? ????, ??? ???, ???????, ??? ????? ?? ?? '? ????'?? ???? ?? ????. ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ??. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??.????
· 1. Aitken, Brian, Ann Harrison, and Robert E. Lipsey, "Wages and Foreign Ownership : A Comparative Study of Mexico, Venezuela, and the United States", NBER working paper, No. 5102(1995).
· 2. Brainard, S. Lael, "An Empirical Assessment of the Factor Proportions Explanation of Multinationals Sales," NBER working paper, No.4580(Dec. 1993).
· 3. Carr, David L., James R. Markusen, and Keith E. Maskus, "Estimating the Knowledge-capital Model of the Multinational Enterprise", NBER working paper, No. 6773(Oct. 1998).
· 4. Caves, Richard E., Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis, 2nd ed.(London : Cambridge university press,1996).
· 5. Dunning, John, International Production and the Multinational Enterprise(London : George Allen Unwin,1981), ch.2.??
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