?????2?

??4> ?????? (Institute Cargo Clauses ; ICC) ? ??? ????? ??????.
??????(ILU)? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????. ?????????? ??. ILU??? 1981? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????. ¢Ù ????????(?????) : Institute Cargo Clause(A/R) ¢Ú ????????(????) : Institute Cargo Clause(W.A.) ¢Û ????????(??????) : Institute Cargo Clause(F.P.A.). ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??, ???????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???. ???? 1978?? UNCTAD(UN Conference on Trade and Development)?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ??? ? ???. 1981? 7? 1?? ?? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????, ? ?? ?????. ????? ??? A/R? (A), WA? (B), FPA? (C)? ????. ¢Ù ????????(A) : Institute Cargo Clause(A) ¢Ú ????????(B) : Institute Cargo Clause(B) ¢Û ????????(C) : Institute Cargo Clause(C). ?????? (A)??? ?4?, ?5? ? ?6?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??.
1.????
Institute Cargo Clause(A), (B), (C) ? ?? ????? ? ??? ?? 19??? ???? ??? ?1?? ????, ?4?? ?????? ? ?6?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????.