?? ???

???(•ù·îÑÒ, 1899? 9? 25? ????~ 1959? 7? 31?)? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? 2? ????, 1925? ?????? ????? ?, ???????? ???? ???????? ??? ???. ? ? ????? ??? ?? ???(ÉϺ£)? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ???? ?????????(–|·½„ÚÁ¦Õß¹²®b´óŒW)?? 2?? ???? ?????. ?? ??,??,?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ???? ??? ???? 1927??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????.
??????????(„ÚÞr¿‚“Ã˳¯õr¿‚ͬÃË)? ???? ????? ??, ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ML?? ???? ????? 1932? 9? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??, ??? ???? ??? ????? 7?? ???? ?????, ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ??, ???? ????? 1945? 1? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ?????, ??????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? 1946? 5? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? 1948? ?????? ??? ???? ?????.
1948? 7? ?? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?1? ?????? ?2? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????. 1948? ?? ??? ?? ???, ????? ??? ?????, ?2? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????, 3? ??? ??? ???? 30%?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???, 1958? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??, ???? ????. ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ??. 2011? 1? 20? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????.