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목차
1. INTRODUCTION
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 OVERVIEW
2.2 THE CASE OF CONFLICTS AND RESULT
1) CAUSES
2) RESULTS: BAD INFLUENCE ON SOCIETY
2.3 EXPECTED REGIMES FOR SOLUTION
3. METHODOLOGY AND SAMPLES
4. RESULTS: THE INDICTMENT AND THE CHARGES
5. DISCUSSION
5.1 THE SIGNIFICATION OF SPECIAL COURT FOR SIERRA LEONE
5.2 DIFFICULTY OF PUNISHMENT IN OTHER CONFLICT AREA: CASE OF UGANDA
6. LIMITATIONS
7. CONCLUSION본내용
1. INTRODUCTION
7 March 2012, one short video hit the internet. It was about Joseph Kony, Ugandan guerrilla group leader, head of the Lord`s Resistance Army (LRA), and his child soldiers. This campaign aimed to set children free by judgement of this cruel person with making people to be aware of human rights. Actually the child soldier problem has been an issue for a long time. It is an unbelievable fact that this kind of low social problem is still happening in the 21 century. Despite of the use of child soldiers’ problem has been serious for an age, the international investigation about the criminals has just been about 10 years. The secretary- general of United Nations (1996) raised the voice in the report ‘PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN’: ‘More and more of the world are being sucked into a desolate moral vacuum. This is a space devoid of the most basic human values; a space in which children are slaughtered, raped, and maimed; a space in which children are exploited as soldiers; a space in which children are starved and exposed to extreme brutality.참고자료
· Aaron, Y (2007) Preventing, Demobilizing, Rehabilitating, and Reintegrating Child Soldiers in African Conflicts, Duke University Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, viewed 23 May 2012, <http://irps.ucsd.edu/assets/012/6360.pdf>
· Alcinda, H Filip, B (2005) Makers & Breakers: Children & Youth in Postcolonial Africa. “Innocent & Guilty: Child-Soldiers as Interstitial & Tactical Agent” USA: Africa World Press. P.31-52
· Alex, W Nicolas, A (2002) Young Africa: Realising the Rights of Children and Youth. Child victims of War in Africa. Eritrea: Africa World Press, Inc. p.105-122
· Alex, W Nicolas, A (2002) Young Africa: Realising the Rights of Children and Youth. “Reflections on Youth and Militarism in Contemporary” Eritrea: Africa World Press, Inc. p.123-154
· Amnesty (2005) The G8: global arms exporters: Failing to prevent irresponsible arms transfers, Viewed 23 March 2012, <http://www.amnesty.org/fr/library/asset/POL30/007/2005/fr/da33ec51-d518-11dd-8a23-d58a49c0d652/pol300072005en.pdf>
· Child soldiers (2008) Global report 2008, Viewed 24 March 2012, <http://www.childsoldiersglobalreport.org/content/uganda>
· Child Soldiers International (2007) Child Soldiers, Viewed 24 March 2012, <http://www.child-soldiers.org/childsoldiers/some-facts>
· David, M (2008) Prosecuting Children in Times of Conflict: The West African Experience, Viewed 15 May 2012 <http://www.sc-sl.org/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=NRhDcbHrcSs%3d&tabid=176>
· Ernest Harsch (2007) Conflict resources: from ‘curse’ to blessing, Viewed 22 March 2012 <http://www.un.org/en/africarenewal/vol20no4/204-conflict-resources.html>
· GP3 Korea (The Global Poverty Public Awareness Project in Korea) The Relation between Poverty and Armed Conflicts in Sub-Saharan Afric, Viewed 24 March 2012 <http://www.povertyinfo.org/>
· International criminal court (ICC), Viewed 17 May 2012 <http://www.icc cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Situations+and+Cases/Situations/Situation+ICC+0204/Related+Cases/ICC+0204+0105/Uganda.htm>
· Joseph, R (2009) Child soldiers: Should they be punished? Viewed 18 May 2012 < http://www.cba.org/CBA/newsletters-sections/pdf/05-09-military_2.pdf>
· Lee, S (2010) The Research about Education and Science cooperation with African developing countries, Korean Educational Development Institute
· Michael, M (2010) Why Can’t Anyone Stop the LRA ?, Viewed 24 May 2012 <http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/04/19/why_can_t_anyone_stop_the_lra?hidecomments=yes>
· Mareike, S (2007) The Lord’s Resistance Army in Sudan: A History and Overview, Viewed 22 May 2012 < http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/pdfs/HSBA-SWP-8-LRA.pdf>
· Nicholas, S (2003) Expanding Economic Models of Civil War Using Case Studies, viewed 25 March 2012 <http://politics.as.nyu.edu/docs/IO/4744/ns1110.pdf>
· Paris Commitments (2007), Viewed 20 May 2012 <http://www.childsoldiers.org/childsoldiers/Paris_Commitments_March_2007.pdf>
· Sudan Human Security Baseline Assessment (HSBA) (2011) The Crisis in Abyei, Geneva, Switzerland, Viewed 30 May 2012 <http://www.smallarmssurveysudan.org/pdfs/facts-figures/abyei/HSBA-Abyei.pdf>
· The Secretary-General Graca Machel, (1996), PROMOTION AND PROTECTION OF THE RIGHTS OF CHILDREN: Impact of armed conflict on children, United Nations, viewed 25 May 2012,
· <http://www.un.org/documents/ga/docs/51/plenary/a51-306.htm>
· Special Court for Sierra Leone (2009) The Prosecutor vs. Charles Ghankay Taylor, Viewed 27 May 2012, http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsCharlesTaylor/tabid/107/Default.aspx
· Special Court for Sierra Leone (2008) Case 14: The Prosecutor vs. Fofana and Kondewa (CDF Case), Viewed 27 May 2012, < http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsFofanaandKondewaCDFCase/tabid/104/Default.aspx>
· Special Court for Sierra Leone (2009) Case 15: The Prosecutor vs. Sesay, Kallon and Gbao (RUF Case), Viewed 27 May 2012, < http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsSesayKallonandGbaoRUFCase/tabid/105/Default.aspx>
· Special Court for Sierra Leone (2008) Case 16: The Prosecutor vs. Brima, Kamara and Kanu (AFRC Case), Viewed 27 May 2012, < http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/ProsecutorvsBrimaKamaraandKanuAFRCCase/tabid/106/Default.aspx>
· Special Court for Sierra Leone (2003) The Prosecutor vs. Foday Saybana Sankoh, Viewed 27 May 2012, < http://www.sc-sl.org/CASES/FodaySankoh/tabid/187/Default.aspx>
· Toyin, F & Salah, H (2008) Power and Nationalism in Modern Africa, Viewed 23 March 2012 <http://www.cap-press.com/pdf/1745.pdf >
· UC Berkeley War Crimes Studies Center (2007) , Special Court Monitoring Program Update Trial Chamber I – CDF Trial, Viewed 22 May 2012, <http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~warcrime/SL-Reports/SamuelHingaNorman_SpecialReport.html>
· UNICEF (2000) A vision for the 21st century , Viewed 23 May 2012 <http://www.unicef.org/sowc00/summary.htm>
· Uniosil (2012) Human Rights, United Nations, International Laws: Sierra Leone, Viewed 17 May 2012 <http://www.uniosil.org/sierra-leone.html>
· UN NEWS CENTRE (2012) Special Court sentences former Liberian leader Charles Taylor to 50 years in prison, Viewed 3 June 2012 <http://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=42112&Cr=Sierra&Cr1=Leone>
· Yash Tandon (1999) Root Causes of Peacelessness and Approaches to Peace in Africa < http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/CAFRAD/UNPAN010409.pdf Viewed 22 March 2012>태그
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