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??? ???, ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????, ??, ??, ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???. ???, ??? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? 3?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????, ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.
?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???. ?(Õþ)?(¹Ù)?(˜I)? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????, ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???. ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??.
??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? 1990?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? OECD ??? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???. ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??, ?? 1997? IMF ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??.
??? 1985?? ?????(Plaza Accord)??? 1987?? ?????(Louvre Accord)? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??(ƒÒ¸ß)? ????? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????(Structural Impediment Initiatives), ??? ????(Framework Trade Talks) ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??.