[e-????] cals

? 1 ? CALS? ??

1. CALS? ??
(1) ??
1) ?? ???? ??
CALS? ???? ? ???? ??? "??? ????? ??"?? ???? ??, ??, ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???.
2) ????????? CALS??
???? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??, ???? ??? ??? ????,?????? ?? ? ??? ??, ??????? "??????"? ??, CALS?????? ??????? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ??, CALS?21?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??
3) MIL-HDBK-59B? CALS??
CALS? ?? ?? ???? ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ??, ???? ? ??????? ??? "???" ? "???????"? ???? ?????? ???? ??, ?? ????? ?? ? ????? ???? ??? "???????? ?? ??"?? ??????.
4) ?? ???? ??
CALS? ???, ??? ?? ??? ???? ??, ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??????, ?? ?? ????? ??, ???? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ????, ????.

(2) ??
CALS? 1982? ?? ????(????)? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????.
1985? ? ???????(IDA)? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?? ?? 9??? CALS? ??? 90??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? CALS? ????? 1? CALS ????? ???? ?? CALS? ??? ???? ????.
? ???? ?? 86??? CALS ??? ??? CALS?? ????? ?????, 88? 8??? 1? ??? ???? ?? ???? 2? CALS ????? ????.