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1. ????
??? ?????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ????(severe) ????(chronic) ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ?? 88-164, ¡¸???? ?? ? ???? ?????? ???¡¹(Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Centers Construction Act of 1963)?? ???? ?????. ? ???? ????? ????, ????, ?? ?? 18? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???, ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ?????. ??? 1984? ?? ?? 98-527? ¡¸??????¡¹(The Developmental Disabilities Act of 1984)??? ????? ??? ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????, 22? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????? 3?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ??? ????? ????(self-care), ?? ? ?? ??(receptive and expressive language), ??(learning), ??(mobility), ?? ??(self-direction), ?? ?? ??(capacity for independent living), ??? ??(economic sufficiency)? 7?? ????.