[????]????(??)? ??? ??? ?? ??

18??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???. ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??, ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???.
???? ????? 17?? ????? ?? ????, ??? ????? ???? ???, ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??(Íâ½ç)? ?????. ??, 18?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ???. ?, ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????. ????? ????? '??? ??'? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ??(according to the nature, by the nature, return to the nature)? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ? ??? ? ??? ??? ????, 19?? ??? ????, ????, ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????(New Education Movement)? ??? ???. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????.
??? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ???? ? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??. ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ? ??. ??? ??? ??(Goethe)? ¡°???(Voltaire)? ??? ? ??? ???, ??? ??? ? ? ??? ?????¡±? ???.
??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ?, ??? ????? ????? ???. ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???. ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ???.