??? ??????? ???? ??

1. ??????

?? ??????? ????? ???, ????? ?? ??, ?????? ?? ? ? ???, ??? ????? ??? ???? ??.(Campbell, R. F,. et al,. 1985). ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????, ?? ?? ???(school district)? ???? ??.
???? ??????? 1979? ¡®?? ???? ??? ?? ??¡¯? ??? ?? ???? ???(Department of Education)? ??????, ???? ??? ????, ????, ????, ???? ? ???? ???? ???, ? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ¢Ù ???? ??? ??, ¢Ú ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??, ¢Û ????? ???? ???? ???? ??, ? ¢Ü ????? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???.
??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????, ???? ??????? ??????(State Board of Education)? ????? ????(State department of Education)? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ?(county) ??? ????? (Intermediate School District)? ?????? ?????(Local School District)? ??.
(Lewis, 1983; Guthrie, 1986; ???, ???, 1988; ??? ?, 1989)
???? ? ?????? ????? ??, ????, ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???(Ex-offcio)??? ÖÝÃñ? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??. ? ?????? ??? ?? 3?(???? ?)?? 27?(????)? ????? ????. ? ?????? ??? 4??? 9???? ????, ?? ?? 4? ?? 6?? ??? ???? ??.
? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ¢Ù ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??, ¢Ú ????? ?? ???? ????, ¢Û ??? ?? ????? ??, ¢Ü ? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ??, ¢Ý ????? ?? ??? ??, ¢Þ ??? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??, ¢ß ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??.